Two early utopias in form of imaginary voyage are Vasily Levshin's Newest Voyage (1784, also the first Russian "flight" to the Moon) and Mikhail Shcherbatov's Journey to the Land of Ophir. The first utopia in Russian was a short story by Alexander Sumarokov, "A Dream of Happy Society" (1759). Utopia was a major genre of early Russian speculative fiction. It is a voltairean conte philosophique influenced by Micromégas. Аллегория, 1769) is considered prototypical to science fiction. While science fiction did not emerge in Russia as a coherent genre until the early 20th century, many of its aspects, such as utopia or imaginary voyage, are found in earlier Russian works.įedor Dmitriev-Mamonov's anti-clerical A Philosopher Nobleman. See also: Russian mythology and Folklore of Russia 18th and early 19th centuries Imperial period The titular monster from Nikolai Gogol's gothic story Viy (1835) Gothic and supernatural fiction are often referred to as мистика ( mistika, Russian for mysticism). Today, Russian publishers and literary critics use direct English transcription, фэнтези ( fentezi). Although the Russian language has a literal translation for 'fantasy', фантазия ( fantaziya), the word refers to a dream or imagination, not literary genre. Since there was very little adult-oriented fantasy fiction in Soviet times, Russians did not use a specific term for this genre until Perestroika. The Russian term for science fiction is научная фантастика ( nauchnaya fantastika), which can be literally translated as "scientific fantasy" or "scientific speculative fiction". In the Russian language, fantasy, science fiction, horror and all other related genres are considered a part of a larger umbrella term, фантастика ( fantastika), roughly equivalent to " speculative fiction", and are less divided than in the West. Outside modern Russian borders, there are a significant number of Russophone writers and filmmakers from Ukraine, Belarus and Kazakhstan, who have made a notable contribution to the genres. With the fall of the Iron Curtain, modern Russia experienced a renaissance of fantasy. Soviet filmmakers, such as Andrei Tarkovsky, also produced many science fiction and fantasy films. Russian science fiction emerged in the mid-19th century and rose to its golden age during the Soviet era, both in cinema and literature, with writers like the Strugatsky brothers, Kir Bulychov, and Mikhail Bulgakov, among others. Russian fantasy developed from the centuries-old traditions of Slavic mythology and folklore. Science fiction and fantasy have been part of mainstream Russian literature since the 18th century. ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ī 1967 Russian post stamp depicting an alien spaceship ( March 2015) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations.
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